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Microbial species capable of degrading plastics are known to science, some of which are potentially useful for disposal of certain classes of plastic waste.
Plastics degrade by a variety of processes, the most significant of which is usually photo-oxidation. Their chemical structure determines their fate. Polymers' marine degradation takes much longer as a result of the saline environment and cooling effect of the sea, contributing to the persistence of plastic debris in certain environments.[54] Recent studies have shown, however, that plastics in the ocean decompose faster than had been previously thought, due to exposure to the sun, rain, and other environmental conditions, resulting in the release of toxic chemicals such as bisphenol A.
Most plastics contain organic polymers.[10] The vast majority of these polymers are formed from chains of carbon atoms, with or without the attachment of oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atoms. These chains comprise many repeating units formed from monomers. Each polymer chain consists of several thousand repeating units. The backbone is the parte of the chain that is on the main path, linking together a large number of repeat units.
A number of additives identified as hazardous to humans and/or the environment are regulated internationally. The Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) is a global treaty to protect human health and the environment from chemicals that remain intact rein the environment for long periods, become widely distributed geographically, accumulate hinein the fatty tissue of humans and wildlife, and have harmful impacts on human health or on the environment.[2]
A literature study made hinein 2022 by geologist student Björn Lycke shows that the amount of microplastics in sediment is increasing worldwide, especially rein ports and tourist beaches.[82]
Plastics engineering – Engineering field studying polymer materialsPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
Historically, Europe and North America have dominated global plastics production. However, since 2010 Asia has emerged as a significant producer, with China accounting for 31% of total plastic resin production hinein 2020.[29] Regional differences rein the volume of plastics production are driven by Endbenutzer demand, the price of fossil fuel feedstocks, and investments made in the petrochemical industry.
The concentrations of most additives are usually quite low, however high levels can be added to create Masterbatch products. The additives hinein these are concentrated but lautlos properly dispersed hinein the host resin.
The effect of plastics on global warming is mixed. Plastics are generally made from fossil gas or petroleum, thus the production of plastics creates further fugitive emissions of methane when the fossil gas or petroleum is produced.
Waste plastic, even if it is all of the same polymer Durchschuss, will contain varying types and amounts of additives. Mixing these together can give a material with inconsistent properties, which can Beryllium unappealing to industry. For example, mixing different colored plastics with different plastic colorants together can produce a discolored or brown material and for this reason plastic is usually sorted by both polymer type and color before recycling.[2]
Hinein feedstock recycling, waste plastic is converted into its starting chemicals, which can then become fresh plastic. This involves higher energy and capital costs. Alternatively, plastic can Beryllium burned in place of fossil fuels in energy recovery facilities, or biochemically converted into other useful chemicals for industry.
Refill (scheme) – British environmental campaignPages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets
The 2024 Action Theme is “Catalyzing action for our oceans and climate" The climate crisis is one of the largest threats for more info our blue planet. For a healthy climate and healthy oceans, we need stronger Bundesweit and i...
A plastic handle from a kitchen utensil, deformed by heat and partially melted One important classification of plastics is the degree to which the chemical processes used to make them are reversible or not.
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